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International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology (IJCPT)    IJCPT-2167-910X-02-302

Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin E in Diabetes Mellitus Type 1


Alarcón-Martínez Y1*, Alonso-Rodríguez D2, Moreno-Téllez E3, Dra. Idalia Morell Amarales4

1 First-degree specialist in Clinical Laboratorio.
2 Bachelor Of Science pharmaceutical
3 Second-degree specialist in Clinical Laboratorio.
4 First-degree specialist in Cardiology

*Corresponding Author

Dr. Yanet Alarcon Martinez,
First-degree specialist in Clinical Laboratorio.
E-mail: amyanet@finlay.cmw.sld.cu

Article Type: Research Article
Received: March 15, 2013; Accepted: March 27, 2013; Published: March 29, 2013

Citation: Alarcón-Martínez Y, Alonso-Rodríguez D, Moreno-Téllez E, Idalia Morell Amarales (2013) Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin E in Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Int J Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2(3), 63-65. doi: dx.doi.org/10.19070/2167-910X-1300013

Copyright: Alarcón-Martínez Y© 2013. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.



Abstract

In diabetes mellitus atherosclerosis is precocious, accelerated, and extensive, having influence to a large extent the secondary dislipoproteinemia to the hyper-glucemia, the lipoprotein’s glucosilation produce changes in them same, that more aterogenics make them and generate free radicals that provoke oxidation of the apoprotein of the lipids and close macromoleculs, decided to evaluate the presence of oxidative stress in children with diabetes mellitus type1 and demonstrating the need of antirust as part of the pharmacologic therapy of this disease, selected 30 patients with Diabetes mellitus type 1, of the consultation of endocrinology of the Pediatric Provincial Teaching Hospital. Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña of Camaguey they took in the period of august to november of 2012.with ages between 5 and 16 years, under informed consent you show of blood for the determination of total cho-lesterol, Triglicerides, LDL Colesterol, HDL Cholesterol, uric acid, vitamin C, bilirrubin, glucemia, ceruloplasmin, albumin and LDL oxidized, they administrated Vitamin E ( 400 mg daily ), during three months, coming true the determinations in each month and comparing the results obtained before and after therapy. Before the treatment 93 % of patients LDLox enlarged with at least one of the seric antioxidant lessened, when the levels concluded the study presented levels lifted of glucemia and the 100 % of antirust they increased and the LDLox decrease was significant in 100 % of the patients, keeping invariable the levels of lipids. Data were processed by means of descriptive statistics, with absolute and relative frequency distribution, coming true a hypothesis testing for match-ing observations in each complementary.



1.Introduction
2.Materials and Methods
    2.1.Criteria of inclusion
    2.2.Criteria of exclusion
3.Results
4.Conclusions
5.Recommendations
6.References

Introduction

In the pathogenesis of the diabetes once the free radi -cals were implicated, in the sick persons with diabetes, the atherosclerosis it has between characteristic others to be precocious, accelerated, severe and extensive, at this moment has influence to a large extent the secondary dislipoproteinemia to the hyper-glucemia, the lipoproteín’s glucosilation produce changes in them same, that more aterogenics make them and, besides, generate free radicles that provoke oxidation of the ap -oprotein of the lipids in the cellular core and of close macromolecules [1,2,3].

The appearing of Diabetes mellitus ( DM ) in the ten -der age of life, represent a serious situation for what’s difficult that is to maintain under good control these patients and for the frequent development of compli -cations several years after initiate the disease. For it, it is necessary to accomplish a precocious, forceful and efficacious treatment to avoid or to postpone the pres -ence of those complications, to teach a new style of life to those patients and to improve the prognosis and the living conditions of the same [4,5,6].

The free radicals are implicated not only in her the diabetic’s complications, but also with the etiology of diabetes [7,8].

For it before exposed we proposed ourselves: Evaluat -ing the antirust effects of vitamin And in children with Diabetes mellitus type1.


Materials and Methods

A study in 30 patients that attend the consultation of endocrinology of the Pediatric Provincial Teaching Hospital came true. Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña of Camaguey in the period of August to November of 2012.


Criteria of inclusion

Ambulatory patients with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 1, with ages between 5-16 years and with over three years of evolution of the disease.


Criteria of exclusion

Patients hospitalized by decompensation of the disease.

Patients with associated to pathologies diabetes mellitus.

Patients that consume medications that get in the way in the levels of lipids and or antioxidant biological to determine.

Low consent informed they took of the parents like note of the approval that the little boy will participate in investigation you show of blood for the multilevel determination of total cholesterol (enzymatic method ), Triglicerides (enzymatic method), LDL cholester -ol, HDL cholesterol (enzymatic method), uric acid ( chemical Method with 2,4 dinitrofenilhidrazin), vita -min C ( Gendrasik Grof), bilirrubin (modified Ravin), glucemia (Rapiglucotest), ceruloplasmin (enzymatic method) albumin (green bromocresol), and like marker of oxidative stress levels of LDL rusted determined themselves enzymatic method with Precipitation with PEG 6000 ).

The determinations of lipids, seric antioxidants admin -istrated Vitamin E pills (400 daily mg), during three months, coming true themselves, and LDL rusted in each month, in order to demonstrate the presence and correction of the oxidative stress, the results obtained before compared and after the antioxidant therapy.

Data were processed by means of descriptive statistics, with absolute and relative frequency distribution, coming true a hypothesis testing for matching observations in each complementary accomplished.


Results

They showed up before the treatment once the levels of vitamin were decreased C (33 %), ceruloplasmin (17 %) and albumin (63 %). One of the antioxidant determined decreasedly showed up at least in the patients’ totality.

The decrease of the antirust stock triggers free radicals’ accumulation, for its part, you perform on the uric acid like antirust together with the vitamin C, the first one possesses a couple of electrons shared in that you perceive the reactive sorts of oxygen and it gives them up to the vitamin C, creating for oneself an innocuous complex that is eliminated easily at the organism, when you find the levels of one of them decreasedly the unbalance becomes established.

As to the profile lipidic triglycerides (13 %), the total cholesterol (50 %) and the LDLox detected incremented levels themselves than the principal marker of oxidative stress in 100 % of the patients.

Studies accomplished at the pediatric provincial teach -ing hospital’s Clinical Laboratory Eduardo Agramonte Pina they have demonstrated than the sensibility of the LDL to oxidation the associate to the hiperlipemia is not, but to the degree of oxidative stress, which is able to unbalance the disease.

The numbers of glucemia found in 93 % of the patients lifted without yielding criteria of hospitalization, therefore it came to an end than the same they pre -sented a bad metabolic control of the disease, which is attributed to in what’s fundamental the diet.

When concluding the pharmacologic treatment could appreciate to to him an increment in the seric levels of the antirust determined, the levels of lipids like the total cholesterol and the LDL-C the equals, the HDL maintained C themselves it increased lightly and the rusted LDL decreased significantly, this suggests a decrease of lipoperoxide’s levels and for there a bigger protection in front of the oxidative damage of the li -pids, with which may prevent him or delaying the possible complications of Diabetes mellitus in whose etiology the oxidative stress implicates itself.



Table 1: Half a levels of antioxidant and seric lipids in the patient elks and during the treatment with Vitamina.


Conclusions

Exists an oxidative stress in the children affected by diabetes mellitus type 1 for 76 % of diagnosed patients.

The diet demonstrated a bad metabolic control of the associated to disease itself in 100 % of the patients.

In the diabetic children with 400 daily mg of Vitamin E And during 3 months was able to correct the oxidative stress.


Recommendations

Including of diabetes mellitus type 1 to the pharmacologic treatment with vitamin E and to correct the stress oxidativo.

Insisting on the metabolic control of the dis -ease, on the basis of achieving a balanced diet.


References

  1. AVELLO, Marcia y SUWALSKY, Mario. Radicales libres, antioxidantes naturales y mecanismos de protección. Atenea (Concepc.) [online]. 2006, n.494 [citado 2013-03-09], pp. 161-172 .
  2. RODRIGUEZ PERON, José Miguel; MENENDEZ LOPEZ, José Rogelio y TRUJILLO LOPEZ, Yoel. Radicales libres en la biomedicina y estrés oxidativo. Rev Cub Med Mil [online]. 2001, vol.30, n.1
  3. Martínez Coyuela M. Oxygen free radicals and human diseas-es. Biochemic 1995;77,147-61.
  4. CLAPES HERNANDEZ, Sonia. Diabetes mellitus, estrés oxidativo y embarazo. Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd [online]. 2000, vol.19, n.3 [citado 2013-03-08], pp. 191-195 .
  5. Baynes JW. Role of oxidative stress in development of compli -cations in diabetes. Diabetes 1991;40:405-12.
  6. Bonet B, Viana M, Herrera E. Efectos teratogénicos de la diabetes; papel de los radicales libres. Endocrinología 1998;45:832-7.
  7. Herrera E. Metabolismo lipídico durante la gestación. Aliment Nutr Salud 1997;42:43-9.
  8. Montelongo A, Lasunción MA, Pallardo LF, Herrera E. Lon-gitudinal study of plasma LP and hormones during pregnancy in normal and diabetic women. Diabetes 1992;41:1651-9.
  9. Martin C, Eriksson UJ. Vitamin E decreased the occurrence of malformations in the offspring of diabetic rats. Diabetes 1997;46:1054-61.
  10. Wertzel P, Welsh N, Eriksson UJ. Developmental damage, increased lipid peroxidation, diminished COX-2 gene expression and lowered PGE2 levels in rat embryos exposed to a diabetic environment. Diabetes 1999;48:813-20.
  11. Buchanan TA, Denno KM, Sipos GF, Sadler TW. Diabetic teratogenesis. In vitro evidence for a multifactorial etiology with little contribution from glucose per se. Diabetes 1994;43:656-60.
  12. Phelan SA, Ito M, Loeken MR. Neural tube defects in embryos of diabetic mice. Diabetes 1997;46:1189-97.

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